Neovim插件管理Packer切换为Lazy

发表于 更新于

今天本想解决Neovim自动化配置脚本编写问题，意外得知Packer已经不再维护，其官方仓库packer.nvim 写到：

This repository is currently unmaintained. For the time being (as of August, 2023), it is recommended to use one of the following plugin managers instead:

  • lazy.nvim: Most stable and maintained plugin manager for Nvim.
  • pckr.nvim: Spiritual successor of packer.nvim. Functional but not as stable as lazy.nvim.

这个消息很突然，但是之前lazy.nvim更加优秀，同时也得到了packer.nvim作者的认可，具体原因不得而知，既然packer.nvim不再维护，同时作者给了两个替代方案，显然更加稳定的lazy.nvim就是一个可靠的选择。

切换流程

  1. 册除packer.nvim的编译目录~/.config/nvim/plugins和由packer.nvim安装的插件. 

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    rm -rf ~/.config/nvim/plugins
    rm -rf ~/.local/share/nvim

  2. 删除packer.nvim的配置文件~/.config/nvim/lua/plg/plugin.lua. 

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    rm ~/.config/nvim/lua/plg/plugin.lua

  3. 同时新建lazy.nvim的配置文件lazy-init.lua

    ~/.config/nvim/lua/lazy-init.lua
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    local lazypath = vim.fn.stdpath("data") .. "/lazy/lazy.nvim"
    if not vim.loop.fs_stat(lazypath) then
      vim.fn.system({
        "git",
        "clone",
        "--filter=blob:none",
        "https://github.com/folke/lazy.nvim.git",
        "--branch=stable", -- latest stable release
        lazypath,
      })
    end
    vim.opt.rtp:prepend(lazypath)
    require("lazy").setup({
       "git@github.com:neovim/nvim-lspconfig",
       "git@github.com:williamboman/mason.nvim",
       "git@github.com:williamboman/mason-lspconfig.nvim",
       -- 借用了vim插件，因为二者是兼容的，速度上vim-latex更快
       { "git@github.com:vim-latex/vim-latex" },
       { "git@github.com:jbyuki/nabla.nvim" },
       -- 添加latex插件vimtex
       { "git@github.com:lervag/vimtex" },
       { "git@github.com:mhinz/neovim-remote" },
       -- 添加neovim主题
       {
          "git@github.com:folke/tokyonight.nvim",
          "git@github.com:tomasr/molokai",
          "git@github.com:catppuccin/nvim",
          "git@github.com:jaredgorski/SpaceCamp",
          "git@github.com:morhetz/gruvbox",
          "git@github.com:nelstrom/vim-mac-classic-theme",
          "git@github.com:RRethy/nvim-base16",
       },
       -- 代码高亮
       { "git@github.com:nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter", run =":TSUpdate" },
       -- 状态栏主题
       {
          "git@github.com:nvim-lualine/lualine.nvim",
          requires = { "nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons", opt = true },
       },
       --	-- nvim-cmp
       'git@github.com:hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp', 
       'git@github.com:hrsh7th/cmp-buffer'  , 
       'git@github.com:hrsh7th/cmp-path'    , 
       'git@github.com:hrsh7th/cmp-cmdline' , 
       'git@github.com:hrsh7th/nvim-cmp',
       -- vsnip
       'git@github.com:hrsh7th/cmp-vsnip' ,   
       'git@github.com:hrsh7th/vim-vsnip' ,
       'git@github.com:rafamadriz/friendly-snippets' ,
       -- lspkind
       { "git@github.com:onsails/lspkind.nvim" },
       -- 自动插入模板
       { "git@github.com:aperezdc/vim-template" },
       -- 旧式片段插入程序
       { "git@github.com:SirVer/ultisnips" },
       { "git@github.com:honza/vim-snippets" },
       -- 注释插件
       { "git@github.com:terrortylor/nvim-comment" },
       { "git@github.com:nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons" },
       -- 目录树插件
       { "git@github.com:nvim-tree/nvim-tree.lua" },
       -- This plugin adds indentation guides to all lines (including empty lines).
       { "git@github.com:lukas-reineke/indent-blankline.nvim" },
       -- 彩虹括号
       { "git@github.com:hiphish/rainbow-delimiters.nvim" }, 
       -- 用来显示文件结构的插件，对于编写程序查看各定义时很有帮助
       { "git@github.com:liuchengxu/vista.vim" },
       -- 模糊查找
       {
          "git@github.com:nvim-telescope/telescope.nvim", tag = "0.1.4",
          -- or                            , branch = '0.1.x',
          requires = { { "git@github.com:nvim-lua/plenary.nvim" } }
       },
    })

    注意: 官方网站还给出了另一个方法，就是将lazy-init.lua放在目录~/.config/nvim中，同时插件配置文件单独建立，然后再调用，但是本着lazy的原则，我还是更愿意一个文件解决问题，因为插件也不是多的放不下，文件越少越方便管理。

  4. 建立~/.config/nvim/init.vim配置文件

  • 先设置不引入插件，写入 

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    lua require("lazy-init")
    启动nvim,然后插件就会自动开始安装了。

  • 启动各插件 

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    lua require("lazy-init")
    set shortmess+=I "关闭启动界面
    let g:loaded_ruby_provider = 0
    " 基础设置
    lua require('lsp/base')
    " 配置主题
    " lua require('theme/catppuccin')
    " lua require('theme/gruvbox')
    " lua require('theme/mac_classic')
    " lua require('theme/molokai')
    " lua require('theme/spacecamp')
    lua require('theme/tokyonight')
    " lua require('theme/nvim-base16')
    " 状态栏主题
    lua require('theme/lualine')
    "lua require('theme/evil_lualine')
    "lua require('theme/bubbles_lualine')
    "lua require('theme/slanted-gaps_lualine')
    lua require('lsp/keybindings')
    " 编程语言配置
    lua require('lsp/python')
    lua require('lsp/setup')
    lua require('lsp/shell')
    lua require('lsp/texlab')
    " Packer 插件管理
    lua require('plg/cmp')
    lua require('plg/vim-latex')
    lua require('plg/nabla')
    lua require('plg/vimtex')
    lua require('plg/vim-template')
    lua require('plg/nvim-comment')
    lua require('plg/nvim-tree')
    lua require('plg/lspkind')
    lua require('plg/indent-blankline')
    lua require('plg/rainbow-delimiters')
    lua require('plg/vista')
    lua require('plg/telescope')
    "
    " 由于vista插件有些配置不能使用lua语言改写，所以暂时在此按vimscript格式引入其配置，等时机成熟再改用lua语言
    " --------------------vista begin--------------------
    let g:vista_icon_indent = ["╰─▸ ", "├─▸ "]
    let g:vista_default_executive = 'ctags'
    let g:vista_executive_for = {
      \ 'cpp': 'vim_lsp',
      \ 'php': 'vim_lsp',
      \ }
    let g:vista_ctags_cmd = {
          \ 'haskell': 'hasktags -x -o - -c',
          \ }

    let g:vista_fzf_preview = ['right:50%']
    let g:vista#renderer#enable_icon = 1
    let g:vista#renderer#icons = {
    \   "function": "\uf794",
    \   "variable": "\uf71b",
    \  }
    " --------------------vista end--------------------
    "
    " ---------------Fcitx5 Auto Switch----------------
    let fcitx5state=system("fcitx5-remote")
    autocmd InsertLeave * :silent let fcitx5state=system("fcitx5-remote")[0] | silent !fcitx5-remote -c
    autocmd InsertEnter * :silent if fcitx5state == 2 | call system("fcitx5-remote -o") | endif
    " --------------------End Fcitx5--------------------

选择建立~/.config/nvim/init.vim，因为有些vim的插件还没有完全使用lua重写，比如fcitx5在不同模式下自动切换的这段代码就必须写在init.vim文件中才得，这是当前一个最好的选择。

Lazy 使用方法

Plugins are managed with the :Lazy command. Open the help with <?> to see all the key mappings.

You can press <CR> on a plugin to show its details. Most properties can be hovered with <K> to open links, help files, readmes, git commits and git issues.

Lazy can automatically check for updates in the background. This feature can be enabled with config.checker.enabled = true.

Any operation can be started from the UI, with a sub command or an API function:

Command Lua Description
:Lazy build {plugins} require("lazy").build(opts) Rebuild a plugin
:Lazy check [plugins] require("lazy").check(opts?) Check for updates and show the log (git fetch)
:Lazy clean [plugins] require("lazy").clean(opts?) Clean plugins that are no longer needed
:Lazy clear require("lazy").clear() Clear finished tasks
:Lazy debug require("lazy").debug() Show debug information
:Lazy health require("lazy").health() Run :checkhealth lazy
:Lazy help require("lazy").help() Toggle this help page
:Lazy home require("lazy").home() Go back to plugin list
:Lazy install [plugins] require("lazy").install(opts?) Install missing plugins
:Lazy load {plugins} require("lazy").load(opts) Load a plugin that has not been loaded yet. Similar to :packadd. Like :Lazy load foo.nvim. Use :Lazy! load to skip cond checks.
:Lazy log [plugins] require("lazy").log(opts?) Show recent updates
:Lazy profile require("lazy").profile() Show detailed profiling
:Lazy reload {plugins} require("lazy").reload(opts) Reload a plugin (experimental!!)
:Lazy restore [plugins] require("lazy").restore(opts?) Updates all plugins to the state in the lockfile. For a single plugin: restore it to the state in the lockfile or to a given commit under the cursor
:Lazy sync [plugins] require("lazy").sync(opts?) Run install, clean and update
:Lazy update [plugins] require("lazy").update(opts?) Update plugins. This will also update the lockfile

Any command can have a bang to make the command wait till it finished. For example, if you want to sync lazy from the cmdline, you can use:

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$ nvim --headless "+Lazy! sync" +qa

opts is a table with the following key-values:

  • wait: when true, then the call will wait till the operation completed
  • show: when false, the UI will not be shown
  • plugins: a list of plugin names to run the operation on
  • concurrency: limit the number of concurrently running tasks

Stats API (require("lazy").stats()):

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{
  -- startuptime in milliseconds till UIEnter
  startuptime = 0,
  -- when true, startuptime is the accurate cputime for the Neovim process. (Linux & Macos)
  -- this is more accurate than `nvim --startuptime`, and as such will be slightly higher
  -- when false, startuptime is calculated based on a delta with a timestamp when lazy started.
  real_cputime = false,
  count = 0, -- total number of plugins
  loaded = 0, -- number of loaded plugins
  ---@type table<string, number>
  times = {},
}

lazy.nvim provides a statusline component that you can use to show the number of pending updates. Make sure to enable config.checker.enabled = true to make this work.

Example of configuring lualine.nvim 
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require("lualine").setup({
  sections = {
    lualine_x = {
      {
        require("lazy.status").updates,
        cond = require("lazy.status").has_updates,
        color = { fg = "#ff9e64" },
      },
    },
  },
})